Makar Sankranti, also known as Tila Sankranti or Khichdi, is a major festival celebrated with great enthusiasm across Bihar. It marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makar Rashi) and is a harvest festival that holds both spiritual and cultural significance. Celebrated on January 14th or 15th each year, Makar Sankranti in Bihar brings together rituals, feasts, and community bonding, making it a vibrant and joyous occasion.
Cultural Significance
Makar Sankranti heralds the arrival of longer days and the end of the harsh winter season. In Hindu culture, it is considered an auspicious time to perform sacred rituals, make offerings, and begin new ventures. Devotees across Bihar take holy dips in rivers like the Ganga, Punpun, or Gandak, believing it to cleanse them of sins and bring spiritual merit.
Rituals and Traditions
In Bihar, the festival is popularly known as “Khichdi,” and the dish by the same name is a central part of the celebrations. The key rituals and traditions include:
- Holy Bath and Worship: People start the day with a bath in sacred rivers, followed by prayers to the Sun God (Surya Dev). Many visit nearby temples to offer their prayers and perform special rituals.
- Khichdi Prasad: The preparation and consumption of khichdi—a dish made of rice, lentils, and spices—is a unique feature of the festival. It is often accompanied by ghee, pickles, and vegetables, making it a wholesome meal.
- Tilkut and Sweets: Sesame (til) and jaggery (gur) sweets like tilkut, laddoos, and gajak are prepared and distributed among family and friends. These items not only symbolize the festive spirit but are also nutritious and suited for the winter season.
- Charitable Acts: Charity is a significant aspect of Makar Sankranti in Bihar. People donate food, clothes, and other essentials to the needy, believing it to bring blessings and prosperity.
Festive Atmosphere
The festive spirit of Makar Sankranti can be seen in every household and community. Homes are decorated, and the air is filled with the aroma of traditional dishes. Kite flying is also a common activity, with the skies dotted with colorful kites as people engage in friendly competitions.
Regional Variations
While the essence of Makar Sankranti remains the same, different regions of Bihar add their unique touch to the celebrations. In rural areas, community gatherings and fairs are organized, showcasing local art, crafts, and cultural performances. Urban areas see families and friends coming together to celebrate the festival with modern and traditional elements.
Conclusion
Makar Sankranti in Bihar is more than just a harvest festival; it is a celebration of gratitude, togetherness, and cultural heritage. It binds people through shared rituals, delicious food, and acts of kindness, reflecting the harmonious and joyous spirit of the state. As the festival approaches, the people of Bihar eagerly embrace the warmth and positivity it brings, making Makar Sankranti a memorable and cherished occasion for all.
